Map of the language constructs
Every word of the language is a node. A solid arrow means "the second is written inside the first". A dashed arrow means "the first gives the second" or "the first refers to the second". Which construct to take for which action is on the page Which construct to use when.
How to read it
| Node | What it means |
|---|---|
| a filled rectangle | a concept of the glossary; it stands on the map exactly once |
| a rounded rectangle | a construct that the glossary does not have |
| an oval marked "layer N" | a reference to a concept drawn in layer N |
| an oval without a mark | a label: what goes in or what comes out |
A filled rectangle carries two spellings: the Russian word and the English one. Both are the same word of the language on two writing surfaces.
Compared with the glossary
The glossary holds 150 concepts. The map holds 156 glossary concepts, each of them once; there is no difference. Beyond the glossary the map has 22 nodes: constructs that the specification has and the glossary does not. There are 17 layers.
Taken on 27 September 2026 with the binary 0.7.22. The glossary concepts were counted with the command below. The nodes of the map were counted from the text of the diagrams of this page: for a glossary concept the number of the node is the number of its row in the glossary.
grep -c '^| `' docs/glossary.md| Layer | What is in it | Glossary concepts | Nodes beyond the glossary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File and declarations | 14 | 0 |
| 2 | Own types: sum and record | 7 | 0 |
| 3 | Built-in types and values | 12 | 6 |
| 4 | Function | 11 | 0 |
| 5 | Body: match | 6 | 0 |
| 6 | Body: if, fold, let | 5 | 0 |
| 7 | Call and connectives | 8 | 0 |
| 8 | Arithmetic, comparison, logic | 15 | 0 |
| 9 | Forms over a list | 8 | 0 |
| 10 | Forms over a string | 14 | 0 |
| 11 | Proofs | 12 | 0 |
| 12 | Plans and orders | 3 | 12 |
| 13 | Processes and supervision | 5 | 4 |
| 14 | Category and morphisms | 13 | 0 |
| 15 | Functors | 7 | 0 |
| 16 | Monoid and monad | 10 | 0 |
| 17 | Legacy surface | 6 | 0 |
| total | 156 | 22 |
The nodes beyond the glossary, by name:
| Layer | Nodes | Where they come from |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | неотрицательное (also нат), целое, вес (also стоимость), сотых, тысячных, the function type | the specification, section «Типы» |
| 12 | the sums «Продолжение» with four variants, «Отклик», six groups of orders | the specification, section «Ввод-вывод» |
| 13 | the sum «Действие», three supervision strategies | the process contract |
1. File and declarations
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 14. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 1.
2. Own types: sum and record
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 7. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 6.
3. Built-in types and values
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 12. Nodes beyond the glossary: 6. References and labels: 1.
The types неотрицательное, целое, вес, сотых, тысячных and the function type are not in the glossary: the glossary is printed from the table of words, and these names are read in the position of a type. In the diagram they are nodes beyond the glossary.
4. Function
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 11. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 2.
5. Body: match
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 6. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 3.
Induction in a proof attaches to this form. There are five patterns: a variant of a sum, пусто, голова и хвост, любое, and binding a field with the word как.
6. Body: if, fold, let
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 5. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 4.
7. Call and connectives
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 8. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 7.
8. Arithmetic, comparison, logic
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 15. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 6.
9. Forms over a list
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 8. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 5.
10. Forms over a string
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 14. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 9.
11. Proofs
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 12. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 10.
12. Plans and orders
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 3. Nodes beyond the glossary: 12. References and labels: 4.
The names in guillemets are the input-output vocabulary: three sums that the compiler adds to a program with a plan. They are not in the glossary. The numbers of kinds were taken on 27 September 2026 from flang/self/parser.flang, the functions «Варианты поручения», «Варианты отклика», «Варианты продолжения».
13. Processes and supervision
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 5. Nodes beyond the glossary: 4. References and labels: 9.
flang check on a program with processes answers with code 2: parsing, types, termination and examples pass, while the rules of the declarations themselves are not judged by the binary compiler, which says so in words.
14. Category and morphisms
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 13. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 3.
A program with these declarations also gets code 2 from flang check, for the same reason.
15. Functors
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 7. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 0.
16. Monoid and monad
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 10. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 2.
17. Legacy surface
Glossary concepts in the diagram: 6. Nodes beyond the glossary: 0. References and labels: 1.
These words are parsed, but no program can be made of them today. They are not written in new code.
Next
- Which construct to use when — the choice by action, and examples
- Language reference — how every construct is written
- Glossary — every word on four surfaces, in Russian